Anemia

What is anemia?

Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the lifecycle but is more prevalent in pregnant women and young children.

Health consequences

Anemia is an indicator of both poor nutrition and poor health. The most dramatic health effects of anemia, i.e., increased risk of maternal and child mortality due to severe anemia, have been well documented. In addition, the negative consequences of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on cognitive and physical development of children, and on physical performance, particularly work productivity in adults is of major concern.

Signs and symptoms

Though different types of anemia have different causes, the signs and symptoms can be very similar. Mild or moderate forms of anemia may cause few, if any, symptoms. Some of the most common symptoms are:
  • General feeling of tiredness or weakness (fatigue)
  • Lack of energy
  • Pale skin (pallor)
  • Dizziness
  • Headaches
Other signs and symptoms that may develop as the anemia becomes more severe include a feeling of cold or numbness in hands and/or feet, shortness of breath, fast or irregular heartbeat, and chest pain.

Role of diet

Diet plays a crucial role in anemia because it directly affects the body’s iron levels.
  1. Iron Deficiency: Iron is essential for hemoglobin production, which carries oxygen in red blood cells. A diet lacking sufficient iron can lead to iron deficiency anemia.
  2. Low Intake of Nutrients: Inadequate intake of other nutrients like vitamin B12 and folic acid can also contribute to anemia.
  3. Vegetarian or Vegan Diets: These diets may be low in heme iron (found in animal products), which is more easily absorbed than non-heme iron (from plant sources).
  4. Malabsorption: Certain conditions affect nutrient absorption, leading to anemia.

Remember, a balanced diet rich in iron, vitamins, and minerals is essential for preventing anemia. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice.